Hi
Yes, it is possible for you to create the transport outside charm, its even possible for you to create the transport with activated charm project and still you can create the transport on that project without charm.
It is still possible to transport to Quality, preprod system but if you are transporting to production system you may need to take care of few things and overall functionality for charm will be reduced and hence I will recommend you can do the production transport form CHARM. However if you dont want to use charm there , you can proceed with limited functionality (CSOL, DGP etc may not be utilized). When you are closing the cycle you may encounter some issues. You can totally avoid those issues via creating the transport on different projects.
Yes you can transport as fast as possible to production with charm or without charm.
Thanks
Rishav